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巴德克(Baddeck)——布拉多尔湖(Bras d’Or Lake)岸边的明珠
巴德克位于布雷德顿角岛(Cape Breton Island)中部,布拉多尔湖畔。距离Halifax不足400公里。这里以崎岖的地形,美丽的湖滨风光,以及亚历山大 贝尔发明的电话机闻名于世。小小的城镇充斥着苏格兰传统文化,盖尔语(Gaelic)音乐是这里的一大特色。
小镇常住人口不足千人,但是夏天会有三倍于小镇常住人口的游客来此度假。沿着湖边小路徜徉,你会发现很多古老的,维多利亚风格的建筑。布拉多尔湖号称世界第一大盐水湖(个人认为是青海湖),但是湖中只有一位渔民,如果这大爷挂了,以后这里就不会再有合法的捕鱼作业了。
这里最著名的景色就是亚历山.格雷姆.贝尔国家历史遗迹(Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site),成人票价$7.8,这里介绍了贝尔同志所有的科学实验,在这里,你可以充分的领略到——天才,是存在的。这个天才不但发明了电话,还能制造医疗电子设备,对建筑工程学也很有研究,自己还造过飞机,制造了水翼船 。
贝尔 ,1847出生于苏格兰,因为他的两个兄弟患结核病离世,他本人也染上了结核杆菌,所以1870年,贝尔一家人移居到加拿大并定居于安省的Brantford 小镇。
贝尔的母亲幼年时失聪,所以贝尔的父亲发明了一种“读唇术”(Visible Speech)来帮助像他母亲这样的聋哑人。在家庭的熏陶下,贝尔自幼便对人类发声产生浓厚的兴趣。1871年,贝尔受聘前往美国波士顿一所聋哑学校任教,后来他在波士顿定居并且自办了一所学校,专门教授聋哑学生,其中最著名的便是美国盲聋哑女作家海伦凯勒(Helen Keller)。
此后,贝尔成为波士顿大学的教授,主讲声音生理,并经常往返于美加之间,进行电话研究试验。1874年7月26日,贝尔与其助手威尔森在Brantford附近的一所房子中做出了电话的雏形;1876年3月7日贝尔在美国波士顿申请了名为“通信设备”的专利;同年贝尔在费城博览会上展示了他的电话。当时的电话其实只是中心设置磁舌簧的发话器,后来爱迪生改为用碳粒接触来控制电信号,对电话进行了完善;1877年7月9日贝尔电话公司在康涅尼格洲成立,同年在Brantford成立了加拿大第一个电话插转站。1922年,贝尔在加拿大的Nova Scotia 去世。






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